Regulation of fibroblast growth factor 9 on the differentiation of goat intramuscular adipocytes

It has been found that fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF-FGFR) signaling can regulate the expression of adipocyte differentiation genes. FGF9 is one of the members of FGFs that mainly binds receptors FGFR2 and FGFR3. FGF9 is highly expressed in the adipose tissue of humans and mice, but there are few reports on the role of FGF9 in goat intramuscular adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, this study explored the effect of FGF9 on adipocyte differentiation through cell culture, interference, and overexpression. The expression of receptors FGFR1–FGFR4 in adipocyte differentiation and their effects on differentiation were detected to screen receptor gene of FGF9. Finally, the interaction between FGF9 and the receptor was tested by cotransfection. Our results showed that FGF9 interacts with FGFR2 to inhibit goat intramuscular adipocyte differentiation by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref1), which is a data support for subsequent pathway research.     

三馆融合背景下国外图博档联合开发文创产品及对中国的启示——以美国总统图书馆为例

[目的/意义]在三馆融合背景下,全面调查美国总统图书馆文创产品开发现状,以期为中国的图书馆、博物馆和档案馆联合开发文创产品提供借鉴。[方法/过程]通过文献调研和网络调研,总结了美国总统图书馆的文创产品开发概况,分析了其产品开发设计特征和营销方式。[结果/结论]提出了在三馆融合背景下美国总统图书馆文创产品开发对中国图书馆联合博物馆、档案馆开发文创产品的借鉴意义。     

吊杯式栽植器运动轨迹优化与试验

针对吊杯式移栽机膜上成穴移栽时膜面穴口大的问题，建立栽植机构的运动模型，通过分析栽植器的运动轨迹特性得出，当栽植器的运动轨迹为余摆线，且余摆线环扣最大横弦的距离等于轨迹线与地膜交点间的距离，栽植器在上拔阶段水平方向零速度点两侧打开，有利于减小膜面穴口尺寸。通过仿真分析和膜上移栽番茄盘苗试验得出，运动轨迹特征系数λ对膜面穴口的纵向尺寸影响显著，对横向尺寸和倾斜率影响不明显。随着λ值的增大，穴口纵向尺寸先减小然后增大，在移栽频率为50和55株·min^-1时，λ为1.093的穴口纵向尺寸分别为10.12 cm和9.49 cm，是最小值； 两种移栽频率条件下，随着λ值的增大，移栽株距分别从39.8 cm减小到33.5 cm和从39.1 cm减小到33.1 cm。该结论可用于指导吊杯式移栽机结构和工作参数的优选。     

Spraying exogenous synthetic cytokinin 6‐benzyladenine following the waterlogging improves grain growth of waterlogged maize in the field

6‐Benzyladenine (6‐BA, a synthetic cytokinin) could improve the ability to resist adversity. However, very little attention has been given to its role in alleviating waterlogging damages on grain growth. A field experiment was performed to investigate effects of exogenous 6‐BA after waterlogging for 6 days at the third leaf stage (V3‐WL + 6‐BA) or the sixth leaf stage (V6‐WL + 6‐BA) on grain filling, and endogenous hormone of summer maize hybrids DengHai605 (DH605) and ZhengDan958 (ZD958), which were planted popularly in China. Exogenous 6‐BA alleviated waterlogging damages on grain filling by improving grain weight and volume, which was beneficial to yield increase. Grain yield of DH605 under V3‐WL + 6‐BA and V6‐WL + 6‐BA increased by 16% and 12%, respectively, compared with that of V3‐WL (waterlogging at the third leaf stage) and V6‐WL (waterlogging at the sixth leaf stage), while the corresponding values for ZD958 increased by 20% and 15%, respectively. Moreover, exogenous 6‐BA alleviated waterlogging damages on grain endogenous hormone content by increasing levels of endogenous indole‐3‐acetic acid, zeatin riboside, and gibberellic acid, and decreasing level of abscisic acid in grain of waterlogged summer maize during grain‐filling periods. Clearly, exogenous 6‐BA improved grain‐filling characteristics, and endogenous hormone, resulting in a significant yield increase of waterlogged summer maize.     

奶山羊CIDEa基因的克隆、序列分析与组织表达

为获得奶山羊CIDEa基因序列并检测其在乳腺组织中的表达,采用RT-PCR技术从奶山羊乳腺组织扩增CIDEa基因序列,利用生物信息学软件对其进行预测分析,并采用荧光定量PCR检测CIDEa在干奶期和不同泌乳时期乳腺组织中的表达。结果表明:通过克隆测序得到奶山羊CIDEa基因CDS区660 bp,编码219个氨基酸,与GenBank公布的绵羊、牛、人和猪的核苷酸序列同源性分别为99%、96%、85%、85%。奶山羊CIDEa蛋白属于碱性、不稳定亲水蛋白,不存在跨膜结构和信号肽;蛋白主要定位在细胞质、线粒体和细胞核。CIDEa蛋白结构主要由α螺旋、β折叠和不规则卷曲组成。奶山羊CIDEa在泌乳前期、盛期和中期乳腺组织中表达量均显著高于干奶期(P<0.05)。说明CIDEa可能参与奶山羊乳腺的泌乳过程,为进一步研究其在奶山羊乳腺组织中的功能及对乳品质的调控作用奠定基础。     

喀斯特山区不同土地利用方式下石灰土化学风化特性

研究喀斯特山区不同土地利用方式（耕地、荒草地、退耕还草地和林草间作地）石灰土剖面化学风化特征，探讨矿质元素在石灰土剖面的分布、迁移和富集特征，从不同土地利用方式下土壤风化度，元素淋溶度、迁移度和残积度的角度分析土壤化学风化特征。结果表明：喀斯特山区石灰土剖面氧化物含量以SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃为主，其他氧化物含量相对较低，均属于中等变异元素，SiO₂、Al₂O₃、MgO含量以荒草地较高，CaO、Na₂O含量以林草间作地较高，Fe₂O₃、MnO、P₂O₅、K₂O以耕地较高；研究区土壤处于中等化学风化阶段，富铝化程度弱，不同土地利用方式下荒草地土壤化学蚀变系数较强，林草间作地土壤富铝化程度较高；研究区土壤K、Na、Ca淋失严重，荒草地盐基离子淋失明显，林草间作地盐基离子淋失程度相对较低；土壤Fe、Al相对富集明显，残积程度高，林草间作地Al含量积累明显，退耕还草地Fe含量富集显著；实施“退耕—还草”等增加植被覆盖度的治理模式对土壤的保护作用显著。     

中亚天然气C线管道SPS仿真模拟

中亚天然气C线管道属于典型的输送压力高、流量大、管道跨度大、压气站数目多、输送工艺复杂的输气管道。为研究中亚天然气C线管道正常工况和事故工况下水热力参数的变化规律以及各种事故下管道的自救时间,采用SPS软件建立了中亚天然气C线管道仿真模型。模拟了正常工况下管道全线压力和温度参数,模拟结果与实际运行数据最大相对误差分别为1.90%和12.24%,验证了模型的可靠性;在此基础上分析了环境温度和管道粗糙度变化对全线输气效率的影响规律,确定了各种事故工况下管道最长的自救时间,可为中亚天然气长输管道运行管理提供参考。     

退化草原恢复中草原植物群落特征的变化

【目的】分析实施禁牧和草畜平衡后的退化草原植被群落特征,研究退化草原生态环境恢复情况,为乌鲁木齐市退化草地的恢复重建提供科学指导。【方法】选取乌鲁木齐市实施禁牧和草畜平衡的天然草地为对象,对不同恢复年限禁牧区和草畜平衡区的植被长势变化及植物群落平均高度、盖度和地上生物量等进行实地调查和分析,研究退化草地在恢复过程中植物群落特征的变化。【结果】(1)实施草原补奖政策后,恢复5 a后较恢复1 a,恢复8 a较恢复5 a草原植物长势明显变好。(2)禁牧区不同草地类型的植被盖度、高度和生物量随恢复时间的延长呈上升趋势,草畜平衡区不同草地类呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在恢复8 a时出现下降趋势,这可能与2018年乌鲁木齐市降雨量较低有关。【结论】通过实施禁牧和草畜平衡,乌鲁木齐市草地退化的现象得到了一定程度的遏制和改善,在政策实施8 a后草地植被恢复较好,但不同草地类型的变化有所差异,需继续加强草地资源监测。